Fragmentasi Kewenangan dalam Tata Kelola Otonomi Daerah dan Implikasinya terhadap Inefisiensi Kebijakan Publik di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71127/2722-8185.824Kata Kunci:
Desentralisasi, fragmentasi kewenangan, otonomi daerah, inefisiensi kebijakan, tata kelola multi-levelAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implikasi fragmentasi kewenangan dalam sistem otonomi daerah terhadap inefisiensi kebijakan publik di Indonesia. Meskipun desentralisasi dirancang untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan responsivitas pemerintahan melalui pelimpahan kewenangan kepada daerah, praktik implementasi menunjukkan adanya kompleksitas tata kelola yang berpotensi menimbulkan fragmentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur dan analisis regulatif terhadap pembagian urusan pemerintahan dalam kerangka Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014, serta sintesis teoritis antara perspektif desentralisasi dan fragmented governance. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fragmentasi kewenangan termanifestasi dalam bentuk tumpang tindih regulasi, dualisme pengawasan, disharmoni perencanaan, dan segmentasi sektoral antarorganisasi perangkat daerah. Struktur kewenangan yang terdistribusi tanpa integrasi koordinatif yang kuat meningkatkan biaya koordinasi, memperpanjang rantai implementasi, memicu duplikasi program, serta berkontribusi pada pemborosan anggaran dan distorsi tujuan kebijakan. Secara teoretis, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas desentralisasi bersifat kondisional dan sangat bergantung pada kapasitas integrasi vertikal dan horizontal antarlevel pemerintahan. Oleh karena itu, reformasi otonomi daerah perlu diarahkan pada penguatan mekanisme koordinasi dan harmonisasi regulasi guna meningkatkan efisiensi kebijakan publik secara sistemik.Referensi
Ansell, C., Sørensen, E., & Torfing, J. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic as a game changer for public administration and leadership? The need for robust governance responses to turbulent problems. Public Management Review, 23(7), 949–960. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2020.1820272
Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Ikhtisar hasil pemeriksaan semester I tahun 2023.
Bevir, M. (2012). Governance: A very short introduction. OUP Oxford.
Bovens, M. (2007). Analysing and Assessing Accountability: A Conceptual Framework. European Law Journal, 13(4), 447–468. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2007.00378.x
Brodkin, E. Z. (2012). Reflections on Streetâ€Level Bureaucracy: Past, Present, and Future. Public Administration Review, 72(6), 940–949. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02657.x
Candel, J. J. L., & Biesbroek, R. (2016). Toward a processual understanding of policy integration. Policy Sciences, 49(3), 211–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-016-9248-y
Capano, G., & Howlett, M. (2020). The Knowns and Unknowns of Policy Instrument Analysis: Policy Tools and the Current Research Agenda on Policy Mixes. Sage Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900568
Christensen, T., & Lægreid, P. (2020). Balancing Governance Capacity and Legitimacy: How the Norwegian Government Handled the COVIDâ€19 Crisis as a High Performer. Public Administration Review, 80(5), 774–779. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13241
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
Emerson, K., & Nabatchi, T. (2015). Collaborative governance regimes. Georgetown University Press.
Faguet, J.-P. (2014). Decentralization and Governance. World Development, 53, 2–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.01.002
George, S. (2004). Multi-level governance and the European Union. Multi-Level Governance, 107–126.
Hill, M., & Hupe, P. (2002). Implementing public policy: Governance in theory and in practice. Sage.
Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2010). Types of multi-level governance. In Handbook on multi-level governance. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage publications.
Lægreid, P., Sarapuu, K., Rykkja, L., & Randma-Liiv, T. (2016). Organizing for coordination in the public sector: practices and lessons from 12 European countries. Springer.
Lowatcharin, G., Crumpton, C., & Pacharoen, S. (2019). Intergovernmental Relations in A World of Governance: A Consideration of International Experiences, Challenges, and New Directions. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 19, 44–55. https://doi.org/10.59588/2350-8329.1263
Mazmanian, D. A., & Sabatier, P. A. (1983). Implementation and public policy. (No Title).
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. (No Title).
Oates, W. E. (2005). Toward A Second-Generation Theory of Fiscal Federalism. International Tax and Public Finance, 12(4), 349–373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-005-1619-9
Peters, B. G. (2015). Pursuing horizontal management: The politics of public sector coordination. University Press of Kansas.
Peters, B. G. (2024). Bureaucracy and public administrations. In Handbook of Comparative Political Institutions (pp. 232–247). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Pierre, J., & Peters, B. G. (2020). Governance, politics and the state. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Pressman, J. L., & Wildavsky, A. B. (1973). Implementation: How Great Expectations in Washington are Dashed in Oakland, etc. University of California P.
Provan, K. G., & Kenis, P. (2007). Modes of Network Governance: Structure, Management, and Effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(2), 229–252. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum015
Rondinelli, D. A. (1981). Government decentralization in comparative perspective: theory and practice in developing countries. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 47(2), 133–145.
Rothstein, B., & Teorell, J. (2008). What Is Quality of Government? A Theory of Impartial Government Institutions. Governance, 21(2), 165–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2008.00391.x
Scharpf, F. W. (2018). Games real actors play: Actor-centered institutionalism in policy research. Routledge.
Smoke, P. (2015). Rethinking Decentralization: Assessing Challenges to a Popular Public Sector Reform. Public Administration and Development, 35(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1703
Tosun, J., & Treib, O. (2018). Linking Policy Design and Implementation Styles (pp. 316–330). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351252928-21
Trein, P., Meyer, I., & Maggetti, M. (2019). The Integration and Coordination of Public Policies: A Systematic Comparative Review. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 21(4), 332–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2018.1496667
Tsebelis, G. (2002). Veto players: How political institutions work. Princeton University Press.
Waterman, R. W., & Meier, K. J. (1998). Principal-agent models: an expansion? Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 8(2), 173–202.
Weingast, B. R. (2009). Second generation fiscal federalism: The implications of fiscal incentives. Journal of Urban Economics, 65(3), 279–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2008.12.005
Williamson, O. E. (1985). The economic institutions of capitalism. Firms, markets, relational contracting. In Das Summa Summarum des Management: Die 25 wichtigsten Werke für Strategie, Führung und Veränderung (pp. 61–75). Springer.
Wollmann, H. (2021). Comparative public administration. In Oxford research encyclopedia of politics.
Wu, Y., & Lombardi, A. (2022). Multi-level Governance. In The Future of the City Centre (pp. 182–197). Routledge.
